Globale Behandlung von Myasthenia Gravis Potential – Trends und Highlights

Myasthenia gravis is a chronic autoimmune, neuromuscular disease that causes weakness in the skeletal muscles that worsens after periods of activity and improves after periods of rest. These muscles are responsible for functions involving breathing and moving parts of the body, including the arms and legs. The hallmark of myasthenia gravis is muscle weakness that worsens after periods of activity and improves after periods of rest. Certain muscles such as those that control eye and eyelid movement, facial expression, chewing, talking, and swallowing are often (but not always) involved in the disorder.

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The pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis depends upon the target and isotype of the autoantibodies. Most cases are caused by immunoglobulin (Ig) G1 and IgG3 antibodies to the acetylcholine receptor (AChR). They produce complement-mediated damage and increase the rate of AChR turnover, both mechanisms causing loss of AChR from the postsynaptic membrane. The thymus gland is involved in many patients, and there are experimental and genetic approaches to understand the failure of immune tolerance to the AChR.

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The diagnosis of the disease is possible in several ways such as physical and neurological examination, edrophonium test, blood test, electrodiagnostic, diagnostic imaging, and pulmonary function testing. Since weakness is a common symptom of many other disorders, the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis is often missed or delayed (sometimes up to two years) in people who experience mild weakness or in those individuals whose weakness is restricted to only a few muscles.

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The disease can be managed by a few treatment ways such as cholinesterase inhibitors, immunosuppressants, thymectomy, plasmapheresis, IVIg. The symptomatic treatment includes the following approaches – Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, corticosteroids, and several immunosuppressants such as azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil, cyclosporine, methotrexate, and cyclophosphamide.

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The recommended treatment for MG may include various measures that may alleviate symptoms, including anticholinesterase drugs (cholinesterase inhibitors) or alter the disease course, such as immunosuppressive drugs or surgery (thymectomy). The therapeutic pipeline of Myasthenia Gravis consists of approximately 15+ products in different stages of development. Currently, 3+ drugs are in Phase III development and major drugs are in mid-stage and pre-clinical stages.

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Some of the key players include Akari Therapeutics, Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Alpha Cancer Technologies, Amarin Corporation, AnTolRx, Argenx, Astellas, Catalyst Pharmaceuticals, CSL Behring, CuraVac, Cytokinetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Grifols Therapeutics, GT Biopharma, Hibernaid, Immunovant (Roivant Sciences), Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Momenta Pharmaceuticals, Novartis, Protalex, Ra Pharmaceuticals, Toleranzia, Tolerion, and UCB Pharma. Several M&A’s along with partnerships have been undertaken by these players to facilitate costumers with hi-tech and innovative products.

Top Company Profiles
• Akari Therapeutics
• Alexion Pharmaceuticals
• Alpha Cancer Technologies
• Amarin Corporation
• AnTolRx
• Argenx
• Astellas
• Catalyst Pharmaceuticals
• CSL Behring
• CuraVac
• Cytokinetics
• GlaxoSmithKline
• Grifols Therapeutics
• GT Biopharma
• Hibernaid
• Immunovant (Roivant Sciences)
• Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation
• Momenta Pharmaceuticals
• Novartis
• Protalex
• Ra Pharmaceuticals
• Toleranzia
• Tolerion
• UCB Pharma